心理類型 PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES

榮格的心理類型理論為我們理解人們如何感知世界和作出決定提供了基礎框架。他指出人格存在天生的差異，這些差異不是缺點或限制，而是心靈的自然表達。榮格提出兩種基本的態度取向：外傾與內傾，以及四種主要的心理功能：思考、情感、感覺和直覺。這些態度和功能相互組合，形成不同的「心理類型」，幫助我們理解自我運作的傾向與模式。

這套理論後來成為MBTI®（邁爾斯-布里格斯性格分類指標）的基礎。MBTI®將榮格的思想簡化為16種明確的人格類型（如INFP、ESTJ），近年來隨著越來越多人尋求自我認識、職涯指引及人際關係洞察，MBTI®因線上測驗、企業培訓及社交媒體而廣為流行，令榮格心理學更廣泛被大眾認識。

為何我們會在治療中使用心理類型？

在榮格心理治療中，我們不會把類型當作標籤或固定身份，而是作為探索的起點——幫助我們了解自己如何與世界互動，察覺失衡之處，以及發掘尚未發展或潛藏的部分。使用心理類型有助我們：

• 了解自身的天賦與盲點
• 辨識心理功能失衡（例如過度依賴思考，忽視情感）
• 發展較弱的心理功能，讓自我更加完整
• 更有同理心與視野地處理人際關係
• 支持治療過程，幫助治療師調整方法，例如對直覺型客戶多用意象和比喻，對感覺型客戶則多用具體例子

了解自己的類型能帶來清晰的自我認識，但真正深刻的成長，往往來自於探索我們較少使用、甚至較不熟悉的那一面。比如，直覺型的人可能會被引導去更多關注具體的事實與細節；而情感型的人則可能開始理解理性思考和設定界限的重要性。

我們如何在治療中運用心理類型？

我們通常會先討論自己較偏向外傾還是內傾，以及平時如何做出決定。夢境、生活挑戰和人際關係的模式，往往比測試更清楚地反映出我們的主導與次要心理功能。隨著時間的推移，我們會觀察心靈如何尋求平衡，這種變化常透過身心症狀、內在衝突或興趣的轉變表現出來。

最終，透過對心理類型的探索與理解，我們能展開一段深刻的自我認識之旅，逐步邁向人格的完整與和諧。這個過程鼓勵我們以開放和好奇的態度，接納並整合自我的各個面向，包括那些平時較少被注意或接受的部分，從而促進內在的成長與轉化。

Jung’s theory of psychological types offers a foundation to understand how people perceive the world and make decisions. He identified natural differences in personality—not as flaws or limitations, but as expressions of the psyche. 

Jung proposed two primary attitudes: Extraversion and Introversion, and four psychological functions: Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, and Intuition. These combine into different personality “types,” which help us understand how our ego tends to operate. 

This theory later became the basis for the MBTI® (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), developed in the mid-20th century. While MBTI® simplifies Jung’s ideas into 16 distinct personality types (e.g. INFP, ESTJ), it has helped bring Jungian thinking into popular awareness—especially in recent years, as more people seek tools for self-understanding, career guidance, and relationship insight. Online quizzes, corporate training, and social media have all contributed to its widespread appeal.

Why Do We Work with Psychological Types in Therapy?

In Jungian therapy, we don’t use type as a label or fixed identity. Instead, we use it as a starting point—a way to explore how we relate to the world, where we may feel out of balance, and what parts of ourselves are undeveloped or unconscious.

Working with psychological types helps us to:

• Understand our natural strengths and blind spots. 
• Recognize imbalances (e.g. over-reliance on thinking, neglect of feeling).
• Develop our less dominant functions to become more whole. 
• Navigate relationships with greater empathy and perspective. 
• Support the therapeutic process by helping the therapist adapt their approach—for example, using more imagery and metaphor with intuitive clients, or concrete examples with sensing types.

Knowing our type can bring clarity—but the deeper work begins when we explore the opposite of what feels most comfortable. For example, an intuitive type might be invited to strengthen their connection to the concrete world; a feeling type might explore their relationship with logic and boundaries.

How Do We Work with Psychological Types in Therapy?

We might begin by discussing our experiences of introversion vs. extraversion, or how we tend to make decisions. Dreams, life struggles, and relationship patterns often reveal our dominant and inferior functions more clearly than any test. Over time, we look at how our psyche is seeking balance—often through symptoms, conflicts, or unexpected interests. 

Ultimately, working with psychological types in Jungian therapy supports a journey toward greater self-understanding and wholeness—encouraging us to embrace all parts of ourselves with openness and curiosity.